High altitude pulmonary edema at 2640 m altitude associated with an acute Rhinovirus infection. First case in the literature.

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a multifactorial condition that may occur after ascent of high altitudes, especially in genetic predisposed individuals. Diagnosis is challenging and could lead to potentially lethal complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We present one of the few reported cases of HAPE below 3000 m of altitude, and the first to our knowledge to present with a concomitant acute Rhinovirus infection, precipitating and complicating the diagnosis and clinical course. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes are shown below.

Alveolar Proteinosis Secondary to M. tuberculosis, in a Patient with Transient CD4 Lymphocytopenia Due to Cryptococcus neoformans Infection: First Case in the Literature.

Transient CD4 lymphocytopenia is defined as the transitory presence of CD4+ T lymphocyte fewer than 300 cells/mm3 or less than 20% of T cells without HIV infection. It can occur due to multiple causes; however, it is rare for it to occur due to opportunistic infections. Few cases have been described in the literature where antimicrobial treatment normalizes the CD4 count, being more frequent in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. To date, this phenomenon has not been described in Cryptococcus neoformans infections. This would be the first reported case according to our knowledge, of a patient who normalizes CD4 count after antifungal treatment, later developing alveolar proteinosis due to M. Tuberculosis.

Pandoraea pnomenusa Superinfection in a Patient with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: First Case in the Literature.

Pandoraea pnomenusa is a Gram-negative bacterium of the Pandoraea genus and is mainly associated with the colonization of structurally abnormal airways. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many microorganisms have been associated with coinfection and superinfection in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, but so far, no coinfection or superinfection by P. pnomenusa has been reported. We present the first case describing this association in a previously healthy patient. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes are shown.